Metro: Istanbul’s metro system is very limited in that there are only two lines, both of which run exclusively on the European side. Neither of the two lines actually connect to each other but instead the metro is integrated into the more extensive tram network. The metro dœes, however, connect to Ataturk Airport and the Esenler bus station.

Tram: linking up to stations on the metro system, trams are a good way to get around the city in Istanbul, particularly on the European side. The network now has 24 stations and is expected to gain more after rapid expansion over the past 15 years. Travellers can purchase an AKBIL card, which offers unlimited travel for a fixed period and the possibility to travel on the tram system as well as the metro, buses and even ferries across the strait.

Taxi: Istanbul’s taxis, which are all-yellow, are among the most economical in the whole of Europe. All are supposed to be metered but you will often encounter drivers who will try to negotiate a fixed price; in such cases, simply find another cab. Between midnight and 06:00 fares are charged at 50 per cent extra.

Boat: numerous services on ferry, small boats and faster sea buses cross the Bosphorus between the European and Asian sides of the city, a trip that is inexpensive and scenic. The standard time to get from one side to the other is about 20 minutes.