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Scotland’s history is fairly lengthy, stretching back to Roman times but seeing its most significant years of development in the lead up to the Middle Ages and during that period. Modern Scottish history is marked by periods of economic urban decline and then recent spells of recovery.

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Scotland developed out of the state known as the Kingdom of the Picts, becoming known initially as Alba and taking shape slowly over a period of many centuries following the departure of the Romans. Celtic influences began to take hold around the 10th century with the kingdom beginning to display a distinct Gaelic culture.

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The reign of Scottish kings was broken in 1286, with the deaths of Alexander III and his granddaughter Margaret, Maid of Norway. This led to intervention by Edward I of England who attempted to establish an English monarchy but was met with failure and the crowning of Robert de Brus, Earl of Carrick (becoming Robert I).

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The initial period following the Middle Ages was marked with unrest, seeing conflict between the crown and the Covenanters, the Glorious Revolution and the overthrow of James VII by William and Mary.

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