Saudi Arabia is not on most people's list of preferred travel destinations, partly due to the highly religious and conservative culture and the restrictions placed on obtaining a tourist visa. The majority of visitors are either Muslim pilgrims or businessmen connected with the oil industry. Despite this, the country has a number of interesting historical and religious sites that are well worth visiting. The country is the birthplace of the Arab race and is probably best known for the city of Mecca. Approximately 98 per cent of Saudi Arabia's landscape consists of harsh desert and mountains. This means that most of the attractions and archaeological sites can be found in a small number of cities. The capital Riyadh is a wealthy and modern city that has boomed with the oil industry. It's a comfortable place for most visitors, with a large selection of top hotels and good restaurants. Al-Bathaa is considered to be the heart of the city and is a fascinating place to wander around. The Masmak Fortress and Riyadh Museum are among the highlights and shouldn't be missed. The Municipality Museum is housed in a 200-year-old restored building made from Red Sea coral, and contains a collection of old photos that trace the development of the city. Souk Al-Alawi market is the place to head to for some good shopping. The holy cities of Mecca and Medina are strictly off limits to non-Muslims. Mecca is revered by Muslims and the great mosque al-Haram is located here. Medina is the second holiest city in Islam as it contains the tomb of the prophet Mohammad. The tomb became part of the Masjid-e-Nabawi after he died here in 632, and is visited by thousands of Muslims every year. Homosexuality and drug smuggling are punishable by death and any criticism or insults to the king will land you in deep trouble. Make sure that you dress conservatively and avoid consuming any alcohol. | 
