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Poland’s history has been marked with invasions, occupations and atrocities inflicted on the country by neighbouring nations. At the same time, the country has been a source of great artistic and cultural achievement, with the medieval era being a time of particularly noteworthy success.

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From this point through the late 19th century, Poland’s territory was divided among the neighbouring powers of Austria-Hungary, Germany and Russia. The general population endured famine and poverty under the hands of the occupying powers, and as a result there was mass emigration - of more than five million Poles – mainly to the US.

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Following the devastating loss of life and the destruction of Warsaw in 1944, the Polish people were forced to bear further indignities when Soviet troops occupied the country and Poland came under the rule of Stalin.

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