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In the late 12th century, the city was conquered by Saladin and a period of rule by the Ayyubids began, ensuring its continued importance as a high profile Muslim centre. The Mamluk period followed, beginning in 1250 and lasting until 1517 when the Ottomans took control of the region. The Mamluks were however, still permitted some control since the Ottomans appreciated the influence that they exercised over the local people. Napoleon and his army landed in Egypt in 1798 and shortly after took control of Cairo, remaining there for three years, much to the indignance of the Mamlouks. Following the French occupation, Muhammad Ali of the Ottomans took seat in the city, making it the capital of an independent empire from 1801 to 1882. Shortly after, the British seized Cairo, extending the control that they had already established across the country. British rule remained until 1922 when Egypt declared itself officially independent. | |
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